Does Karthus, Eternal's ability apply if he dies from the same effect as the unit with Deathknell?
Karthus applies to your other unit's [Deathknell] if the deaths are simultaneous or that unit is killed before Karthus. He doesn't apply if a separate kill action kills him first.
When one kill action kills Karthus and another unit simultaneously,370.1.a.2 as with The Ruination, the other unit's [Deathknell] is added before the kill instruction moves Karthus off the board.429.1.a.1.b His passive ability is therefore still active and makes your [Deathknell] effect trigger an additional time.365.1 If one effect instead performs separate kill actions, those deaths are sequential.370.1.a.2 Karthus applies only if the [Deathknell] unit is killed first, because his passive ability is active only while he remains on the board.365.1 When both units instead have lethal damage during a cleanup, the cleanup kills all lethally damaged units together.323.4 The other unit's [Deathknell] is added before its source moves to the trash, while Karthus's passive ability is still active.808.1.d.2365.1